Doses of external exposure in Jordan house due to gamma-emitting natural radionuclides in building materials

The use of building materials containing naturally occurring radionuclides as ⁴⁰K, ²³²Th, and ²³⁸U and their progeny results in external exposures of the residents of such buildings. In the present study, indoor dose rates for a typical Jordan concrete room are calculated using Monte Carlo method. Uniform chemical composition of the walls, floor and ceiling as well as uniform mass concentrations of the radionuclides in walls, floor and ceiling are assumed.Using activity concentrations of natural radionuclides typical for the Jordan houses and assuming them to be in secular equilibrium with their progeny, the maximum annual effective doses are estimated to be 0.16, 0.12 and 0.22 mSv a⁻¹ for ⁴⁰K, ²³²Th- and ²³⁸U-series, respectively. In a total, the maximum annual effective indoor dose due to external γ-radiation is 0.50 mSv a⁻¹. Additionally, organ dose coefficients are calculated for all organs considered in ICRP Publication 74. Breast, skin and eye lenses have the maximum equivalent dose rate values due to indoor exposures caused by the natural radionuclides, while equivalent dose rates for uterus, colon (LLI) and small intestine are found to be the smallest. More specifically, organ dose rates (nSv a⁻¹ per Bq kg⁻¹) vary from 0.044 to 0.060 for ⁴⁰K, from 0.44 to 0.60 for radionuclides from ²³⁸U-series and from 0.60 to 0.81 for radionuclides from ²³²Th-series.The obtained organ and effective dose conversion coefficients can be conveniently used in practical dose assessment tasks for the rooms of similar geometry and varying activity concentrations and local-specific occupancy factors.     

铜尾矿坝不同恢复年限土壤理化性质和酶活性的特征

金属矿产资源开采使尾矿坝迅速升高,矿区生态环境遭到严重破坏.土壤理化性质和酶活性是衡量生态系统功能的重要指标,可作为评价土壤恢复质量的重要因子.以山西省垣曲县十八河铜尾矿区9个尾矿子坝作为研究对象,分析不同恢复年限子坝土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性之间的关系.结果表明,不同恢复年限子坝的土壤理化性质差异较大,随着恢复年限的增加,土壤养分含量显著升高.过氧化氢酶与碳氮比显著负相关,脲酶与总氮含量和土壤含水量均显著正相关,磷酸酶和蔗糖酶与土壤理化因子之间无显著关系.土壤中铜含量随子坝恢复年限增加而逐渐累积,砷和镉含量先增加后降低,恢复后期逐渐达到稳定水平,各子坝的土壤锌含量无显著差异.为铜尾矿区的土壤生态系统恢复及退化机制的研究提供一定的生态学依据.     

假交替单胞菌对EH40/B10电偶腐蚀的影响

目的研究假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonassp.,P.sp.)对EH40/B10电偶腐蚀的影响。方法利用电化学工作站测试EH40/B10电偶电流、电偶电位及开路电位,利用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜分别观察浸泡21天后EH40、B10表面的腐蚀形貌和生物膜,并且测定体系的溶解氧浓度、pH和P.sp.的数量。结果无菌体系的电偶电流远大于有菌体系,无菌体系的理论驱动电压也大于有菌体系。从腐蚀形貌来看,无菌体系中偶接B10比未偶接腐蚀得轻,而在有菌体系中是否偶接对EH40和B10的腐蚀形貌影响不大。无菌体系的溶解氧浓度远高于有菌体系,且有菌体系的pH比无菌体系低。结论 EH40/B10在无菌体系中的电偶腐蚀速率远大于在有菌体系,主要是因为P.sp.呼吸作用消耗氧气以及在电极表面形成生物膜从而抑制了电偶腐蚀。此外,在无菌体系中偶接B10受到了阴极保护,比未偶接腐蚀得轻,而在有菌体系中,是否偶接对EH40和B10的腐蚀影响不大,电偶腐蚀效应不明显。     

离子选择电极法测定水中40K的影响因素

对离子选择电极法测定水中^40K的影响因素进行了探讨,确定了用此方法测定水溶液中^40K的最佳实验条件,在此实验条件下,所得结果最接近标准值。     

Fuelwood assessment at micro-watershed level in Northeast Himalaya: a case study in Manipur,India

Fuelwood is one of the major sources of energy in the domestic sector across the rural areas, especially in the developing regions across the world. The Northeastern Himalayan state of Manipur is dominated by the tribal population that largely depends on fuelwood from the nearby forest area. The entire dependence on forests for energy resources is affecting the sustainability of the forest ecosystem in the region, thus indicating the livelihood conditions. Since land-use land-cover change is the key driver to the change in resource availability of a region, the present study has tried to analyze the land-cover changes over a period 28 years. The second major component affecting resource availability is the increasing population pressure that leads to changes in the land dynamics, which directly affect the resource production. Based on the existing consumption pattern, the total consumption of fuelwood in the watershed ranges from a minimum of 289.992 tons/year to a maximum of 3545.719 tons/year with an average of 1561.956 tons/year in the year 2009 and simulated fuelwood consumption for the year 2021 is around 1469.260 tons/year. Nine different probable scenarios of resource are proposed to calculate the stress value that can be used by the policy-makers and planners for suitable policy implementation at the micro level with a complex social system.     

对菏泽地区百年一遇暴雨成灾的反思

本文针对菏泽地区1993年遭遇百年一遇暴雨成灾的现实,客观地反映了灾情,分析了成灾的主要原因,并提出了防御对策。     

Photocatalytic performance of TiO2 catalysts modified by H3PW12O40, ZrO2 and CeO2

The binary composite photo-catalysts CeO2/TiO2, ZrO2/TiO2 and the ternary composite photo-catalysts H3PW12O40-CeO2/TiO2,H2PW12O40-ZrO2/TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalyfic elimination of methanol was used as model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts under ultraviolet light irradiation. The effects of doped content, activation temperature, time, initial concentration of methanol and gas flow rate on the catalytic activity were investigated. The results showed that after doping a certain amount of CeO2 and ZrO2, crystaniTation process of TiO2 was restrained, particles of catalysts are smaller and more uniform. Doping ZrO2 not only significantly improved the catalytic activity, but also increased thermal stability. Doping H3PW12O40 also enhanced the catalytic activity. The catalytic activities of binary and ternary composite photocatalysts were significantly higher than tin-doped TiO2. The dynamics law of photocatalytic reaction over the binary CeO2/TiO2 and ZrO2/TiO2 catalysts has been studied. The activation energy 15.627 and 15.631 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factors 0.5176 and 0.9899 s-1 over each corresponding catalyst were obtained. This reaction accords to the first order dynamics law.     

湖北省环境保护“十一五”规划中期评估

采用定量评估和定性评估相结合的方式,对湖北省环境保护“十一五”规划中期实施情况进行评估。分析其实施过程中存在的主要问题,提出改进和加强的建议。     

北京城区与下游地区臭氧对比研究

2005年6月～2006年9月,分别在北京城区和兴隆对臭氧和气象要素进行了连续观测. 结果表明,除冬季外,北京地区臭氧的产生和消耗速度明显高于兴隆;期间北京和兴隆观测到的臭氧最大值(体积分数)分别为198.9×10^-9和151.2×10^-9. 臭氧超过国家二级标准的时数两地分别为171 h和255 h,北京城区90%以上集中在16:00前,而兴隆夜间臭氧污染占82%. 受到北京输送的影响,兴隆臭氧日变化的最高值出现时间比北京晚3～4 h,但是冬季兴隆受到的影响较小. 兴隆观测到的超标事件与北京的输送具有良好的相关性,持续稳定的天气条件和昼夜循环的局地环流可以导致兴隆臭氧持续积累,并在夜间形成臭氧“双峰”现象. 兴隆的AOT40分别为23.1×10^-6×h、 26.5×10^-6×h、 14.1×10^-6×h,表明北京对下游区域的农业产生具有严重影响.     

近五年大辽河(营口段)水质状况分析与评价

通过分析五年来对大辽河(营口段)的监测数据,对大辽河(营口段)的水质状况进行评价。同时提出改善大辽河(营口段)水质的对策和建议。